Enqubweni yokukhulisa izinkukhu, ukufa kokuqala kwamatshwele kuthatha ingxenye enkulu. Ngokwemiphumela yophenyo lomtholampilo, izimbangela zokufa ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izici zokuzalwa kanye nezici ezitholiwe. Eyangaphambili yenza cishe u-35% yenani eliphelele lokufa kwamatshwele, kanti lakamuva libalelwa ku-65% yenani eliphelele lokufa kwamatshwele.
Izici zokuzalwa
1. Amaqanda azalelayo avela emihlambini yabafuyi abaphethwe i-pullorum, i-mycoplasma, isifo sikaMarek nezinye izifo ezingasakazwa ngamaqanda. Amaqanda awavalwa inzalo ngaphambi kokuchanyuselwa (lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho ukuchanyuselwa kuncane) noma ukukhishwa kwamagciwane kungaphelele, futhi imibungu itheleleka ngesikhathi sokuchanyuselwa.inqubo yokuchanyuselwa, okuholela ekufeni kwamatshwele achanyuselwe.
2. Izitsha zokuchamusela azihlanzekile futhi kukhona amagciwane. Kuyinto evamile ekuchanyuselwe kwe- kang yasemakhaya, ukuchanyuselwa kwebhodlela lamanzi ashisayo kanye nokuzichamisela kwesikhukhukazi. Ngesikhathi sokuchanyuselwa, amagciwane ahlasela imibungu yenkukhu, abangele ukukhula okungavamile kwemibungu yenkukhu. Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, inkaba izovuvuka bese yenza i-omphalitis, okungesinye sezizathu zokufa okuphezulu kwamatshwele.
3. Izizathu ngesikhathi senqubo yokufukamela. Ngenxa yolwazi olungaphelele lokuchanyuselwa, ukusebenza ngendlela engafanele kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuphenduka nokoma kwamaqanda ngesikhathi sokuchanyuselwa kwaholela ekubeni i-hypoplasia yamatshwele, okwaholela ekufeni kwamatshwele kusenesikhathi.
Izinto ezitholiwe
1. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Inkukhu iyisilwane esinegazi elifudumele, esingagcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingashintshi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza, ingxenye enkulu yamatshwele iyafa ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi, ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwesithathu ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, izinga lokufa lizofinyelela phezulu. Isizathu sokushisa okuphansi ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-insulation yendlu yenkukhu kubi, izinga lokushisa langaphandle liphansi kakhulu, izimo zokushisa zibuthakathaka njengokucisha kukagesi, ukumiswa komlilo, njll., futhi kukhona okusalungiswa noma okusalungiswa egumbini lokufuya. Uma isikhathi sokushisa esiphansi siside kakhulu, singabangela inani elikhulu lamatshwele afe. Amatshwele asinde endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi angenwa kalula yizifo ezihlukahlukene nezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi imiphumela iyingozi kakhulu kumatshwele.
2. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Izimbangela zokushisa okuphezulu yilezi:
(1) Izinga lokushisa langaphandle liphezulu kakhulu, umswakama endlini uphezulu, umoya opholile uphansi, futhi ukuminyana kwamatshwele kuphezulu.
(2) Ukushisa ngokweqile endlini, noma ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okungalingani.
(3) Ukunganaki kwabasebenzi bokuphatha kubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lingalawuleki, njll.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kuvimbela ukusabalalisa ukushisa komzimba kanye nomswakama wamatshwele, futhi ibhalansi yokushisa komzimba iyaphazamiseka. Amatshwele anekhono elithile lokuzivumelanisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu isikhathi esifushane. Uma isikhathi siside kakhulu, amatshwele azofa.
3. Umswakama. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izidingo zomswakama ohlobene aziqinile njengezinga lokushisa. Isibonelo, lapho umswakama unganele kakhulu, indawo ezungezile yomile, futhi amatshwele engakwazi ukuphuza amanzi ngesikhathi, amatshwele angase aphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya kunesisho esithi amatshwele ayaxega uma enatha amanzi, abanye abalimi badla ukudla kwenkukhu okutholakala emakethe kuphela, kabatholi amanzi okunatha aneleyo okwenza ukuthi amatshwele afe ngenxa yokuswelakala kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi okuphuza isikhathi eside, amanzi okuphuza avele anikezwe, futhi amatshwele ancintisane ngokuphuza, okubangela ukuthi ikhanda, intamo kanye nezimpaphe zomzimba wonke zamatshwele zicwile. Umswakama ophezulu kakhulu noma ophansi kakhulu awulungele ukuphila kwamatshwele, futhi umswakama ofanele kufanele ube ngu-70-75%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2023
